Saturday, December 29, 2012

False Documents of the Christopher Columbus story

I have often pointed out how much of the documentation utilized to support the official history of Christopher Columbus is unreliable. The fact is that forgeries were created over the last five centuries, documents were modified, details were invented and facts were censored, discarded and ignored. All of this has been presented in my various books on Columbus. I have succeeded in proving that the Last Will of 1498, also called the Mayorazgo de 1498, was never written by Columbus but fabricated during the Inheritance Lawsuit for the Dukedom of Veragua (los pleitos sobre la sucesión del Estado y Ducado de Veragua) initiated in 1578 and finally put to rest in 1609. 
The lawsuit for one of the greatest inheritances ever left, lasted 31 years. In 31 years a lot of forgeries can be created by those eager to benefit from them. There are many reasons as to why forgeries are created, money being the most important reason. 
I have already shown how the Genoese publications actually fooled the historians with the Assereto Document by cutting out the blank pages and joining together the written pages as if they were continuous, which they are not. Furthermore, there is no way to stitch the Assereto pages together as a single document. If you do try to stitch it together the pages do not read correctly. 
When I began to claim in 2005 that the Assereto was a blatant forgery by the City of Genoa to influence history, I was then told of this short quote from Paolo Emilio Taviani, - still used against me today by those who never read my books - as to why the document is authentic: 
"It is important to bear in mind that at the time when Assereto traced the document, it would have been impossible to make an acceptable facsimile. Nowadays, with modern chemical processes, a document can be 'manufactured', made to look centuries old if need be, with such skill that it is hard to prove it is a fake. Fifty years ago this was still impossible."§ 
Today I am posting here two documents which I declare are forgeries. The "original" forgery is a supposed letter from Columbus to the Genoese Bank of St. George dated 1502. I have not had the opportunity to go see this original in person, but simply by what the text itself says, as well as by the format of the signature, I declare that Columbus could never have written this letter. Someone in Italy forged this letter sometime after Columbus died in an attempt to connect him to the Bank in Genoa.
The "copy" is clearly a forgery since it is almost indistinguishable from the "original" housed in Genoa. Simply by comparing both, it is obvious that one was copied from the other with the intent to fool someone and everyone into accepting that Columbus had written it. 
Look carefully and you will note that all text lines break on the same words, that all strokes of the pen are copied exactly and how the missing text in the original, due to the holes in it, is blank on the copy.•  

 


Strangely enough, the discoverer, who was supposed to have been born in Genoa and was supposed to have lived there for half his life, wrote this letter to the Genoese Bank not in Genoese but in Castilian. Even stranger is that we are supposed to believe that the Bank's reply, one addressed to Columbus's son the other to Columbus, instead of being written back in Castilian, were written in Genoese, instead. 
The following image shows a letter dated December 8, 1502, that Columbus never received. No letters from the "prestigious" Bank of St. George were ever found in the Discoverer's Archives in Spain, but are found, instead, in the Bank's own archives! Talk about a case of severe miscommunication, the reply is written in the wrong language and found in the sender's hands!

Published in John Boyd Thacher's Christopher Columbus: his life, his works, 
his remains: as revealed by original printed and manuscript records, 1904. 

Now comes the part where I prove how Paolo Emilio Taviani and all his followers are wrong about forgeries in saying and accepting that it was impossible for the Assereto Document to have been forged. Take a good look at the two images of the letter above and see if you can tell the difference between them. The two documents are so close to one another that if one had not been done in vellum and if the other did not have the two holes punched in the middle, it would have been impossible to tell which one was written first.  The "original" with the holes through it came to light in Italy 1829 and has, since then, been housed in Genoa. The "copy" came to light in October 1883, while Henry Harrisse was in Paris. The "copy" was then offered for sale in New York and Chicago in 1887, as told by Mr. Harrisse. The letters are such perfect copies that when you take one and place it on top of the other, they match up almost perfectly, as the photoshop image below shows. (Try it yourself by downloading each letter.)


 The yellow image is of the paper document with the holes in it.
The pink image is of the vellum document. I placed one image over
the other in photoshop and changed the opacity on the pink image so that
the yellow image would bleed through. Note how they match up exactly,
 especially on the signature, where the image below has not overlap at all.
The other text follows the same exact pattern. The lower left leg of
the pink "M" has an upstroke that is not on the yellow. 
This seems to me that this could only have been done with some sort of direct tracing which would have been impossible to do if the "original" was held in the custody of the City of Genoa since 1829. It seems to me that, if one is in vellum and the other on paper, that it would be easier to trace with the paper over the parchment than vice-versa. In such a case the "copy" would have to be the letter held by the City of Genoa and the "original" would be the vellum. Possibly the vellum copy forgery was created first, I don't know how translucent parchment can be in order to trace over another document, but either way, the important thing here is that an exact forgery was done in Italy of an essential document that is used to support the "official narrative" of the peasant wool-weaver and, thus, again Taviani was wrong in saying that forgeries were impossible to create in 1904. 
If such an exact forgery could have been done before 1883, imagine how easy it would be to forge a stand-alone document, one that did not have to match any other document, as is the Assereto?
Needless to say, historians the world over have been fooled for centuries by the many forgeries and adulterated documents and have "agreed" to a history now proven to be a fairytale
New research continues to reveal more and more lies in the history books relating to Columbus and his "discovery" of America. We have not yet uncovered all the lies but at least we have opened the door to reality and begun to shed some light on those old dusty documents, so long held as the "proof", but which turn out to be only proof of a misled world which accepted that the great Admiral and Viceroy had started his life as the poor peasant wool-weaver from Genoa. 
Along with this forgery, I am inserting another type of forgery. That is the forgery of documentation, either by evil intent, by good intent or by ignorance. Forgery of documentation occurs when a document is modified from its original state or copied with wrong information. The case I present next is important because it relates to the first English translation of Peter Martyr's text on the Discovery of America. The reader will note that Peter Martyr, writing in Latin, always called the discoverer by the correct Latin form Colonus and never Columbus. As I have explained many times before, the name Christopher Columbus is not the correct name of the discoverer. His correct name in Spanish is Cristóbal Colón which gives us Christopher Colonus in Latin, while the Latin Christopher Columbus would give us Cristóbal Paloma in Spanish, Columbus/Paloma can never equal Colonus/Colon. Here you can see an explanation of how the name Colon (from the Greek κωλον meaning Member) began to get corrupted, first to Colom (Catalan meaning Pigeon) and then to Colombo (Italian meaning Pigeon) and finally to Columbus, which means Pigeon in Latin. 
I can't put into a blog article the whole of 700 pages of my first book nor KOLUMB. Historia Nieznana (COLUMBUS. Unknown History), however, the important thing is to remember that the name Colonus was wrongly corrupted to Columbus and the following image from Richard Eden book shows this forgery of the documentation in action.
Peter Martyr's original text on the left and Richard Eden's on the right.
The blue arrows show the insertion by Eden that is not on the original. 
 Richard Eden inserted into his translation the following text which is not part of the original text  written  by Peter Martyr. However, Mr. Eden does not bother to alert the reader that he had taken it upon himself to add this text: (otherwise called Columbus) A gentilman of Italy, borne in the citie of Genua. Richard Eden added this information without a reference as to where he got it, trying to put words into  Peter Martyr's mouth. However, it can be safe to say that Eden followed rampant rumors and innuendo and not any official document or statement issued by the Colon family. The Colon family was intentionally hiding the true identity and birthplace of Christopher from the public eye.

Inventions like the one Eden implemented are rampant in the Columbus documents, chronicles and translations but have no factual basis, as is excruciatingly detailed in the three books that I have already published in Portugal, Spain and Poland. We should learn to call the discoverer by his correct name, which was Cristóbal Colón, that is the name Colon has been continuously used until today by his thousands of descendants, and we must systematically denounce the false name of Christopher Columbus because it is the name of an impostor fabricated by unreliable and false Italian documentation that does nothing but add to the confusion. The fact is that, with so much false information, we may never know the true identity of Colon without a wide ranging DNA study, which we hope to be able to perform in the upcoming years. 
-------
 § Christopher Columbus: the grand design, Taviani, Paolo Emilio.
• Christopher Columbus and the Bank of Saint George, Henry Harrisse, Chiswick press; C. Wittingham and co., London, 1888
www.1492.us.com

Tuesday, November 20, 2012

Historian Reveals Columbus Identity at Chicago’s Copernicus Center


Historian to Reveal Columbus Identity at Chicago’s Copernicus Center
History of America's Discovery turned upside-down by new research: Columbus was not Italian and didn't discover America. Columbus's voyage was a political plot planned by Portugal and meant to deceive the Spanish Queen Isabel, sworn enemy of King John II of Portugal, whom she had tried to assassinate in 1484, as exposed in a new Polish language book, KOLUMB. Historia Nieznana, (COLUMBUS. Unknown History).

 

Tuesday, October 16, 2012

THE SECRET IDENTITY OF COLUMBUS - UMass Dartmouth



FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Contact: Gloria de Sá, Faculty Director
Ferreira-Mendes Portuguese American Archives
Phone: 508-910-6888
Email: mdesa@umassd.edu

THE SECRET IDENTITY OF COLUMBUS: PEASANT TO VICEROY IN 33 DAYS

October 12, 2012 – North Dartmouth, MA.  The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Ferreira-Mendes Portuguese-American Archives announces a presentation by historian Manuel Rosa titled “The Secret Identity of Columbus: Peasant to Viceroy in 33 days.” The event—free and open to the public—will take place on Thursday, October 25 at 5:30 P.M. in the Prince Henry Society Reading Room at the Ferreira-Mendes Portuguese-American Archives. Light refreshments will be served.


“Will Christopher Columbus's picture soon adorn the walls of many Lithuanian-American, Polish-American, and Portuguese-American institutions as well as private homes of people of this background?” questioned the organizers of a similar talk held last month at the Balzekas Museum of Lithuanian Culture in Chicago.  Mr. Rosa’s research suggests that it should.  During his presentation, he will show historical evidence indicating that the man credited with discovering America was not the son of a humble weaver from Genoa, but rather a nobleman of Portuguese birth fathered by the exiled Polish King Wladislaw III, a member of the Lithuanian Jagiellonian Dynasty.
While Mr. Rosa’s theories have been met with skepticism by many, they have also received considerable praise. At a presentation that took place on May 16, 2012, at the Portuguese Academy of History, which was full to capacity with members of the scientific community, his investigations were described as "a serious look at the truth, well-substantiated and worthy of praise." Similarly, his book Portuguese Columbus—New Revelations received accolades from Portuguese academics, including Professor Manuela Mendonça, President of the Portuguese Academy of History, and Professor Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão ex-president of the same organization who wrote the preface to Colombo PortuguêsNovas Revlações and described Mr. Rosa’s work as “serious and diligent.”


Despite all the attention that his work has received, Manuel Rosa did not start out as a historian. Born on the island of Pico in the Azores, he immigrated to Somerville, Massachusetts in 1973 with his parents and, like other children across the world, learned in school that the man that “sailed the ocean blue” was Italian.  He has followed a successful, professional career that ranged from management to graphic artist, to IT working for such distinguished publications as  the Atlantic Monthly and the Boston Magazine. In 1991, while working on the English translation of the book on Columbus by A. Mascarenhas Barreto, he became aware of the controversy over Columbus’s identity.  Overnight, history became his passion.

Since then, Manuel Rosa has dedicated most of his free time and countless other resources to researching the life of Christopher Columbus. This scientific, historical investigation has taken him to the Dominican Republic, to Poland and many places in between, in his relentless quest for the truth about the identity of the putative discoverer of America.  These efforts included an active involvement in the DNA studies of Columbus's bones at the University of Granada, Spain, to which Mr. Rosa was able to contribute DNA material collected from members of Portuguese noble families who are possible descendants of Columbus.

Mr. Rosa’s sensational findings have been announced in major newspapers worldwide, including the New York Daily and the Daily Telegraph and resulted in the publication of two academic books that have been translated into several languages.  He has also presented the results of his investigations at numerous Portuguese, US, Spanish and Polish universities as well as the prestigious Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa.  Currently, he lives in North Carolina where he works for Duke University.

For directions to the UMass Dartmouth campus, see http://www.umassd.edu/vtour/.  Please use Parking Lot 13.  Access to the archives during library construction is by way of the library basement and first floor exit.

Friday, August 3, 2012

"The Secret Identity of Columbus: Peasant to Viceroy in 33 days"

Will Christopher Columbus's picture soon adorn the walls of many Lithuanian-American, Polish-American, and Portuguese-American institutions as well as private homes of people of this background?
Henryk Skwarczynski wrote in his introduction to Manuel Rosa's book "KOLUMB. Historia Nieznana" just published in Poland and earlier in Spain and Portugal that in Central Park, New York, there are monuments to King Jogaila and his grandson Christopher Columbus but the world is unaware of these family ties. Can this be true?
These questions and their answers lead directly to Duke University in North Carolina where after more than twenty years of investigations author Manuel Rosa has come up with the most stunning findings about Columbus. Manuel Rosa is the first historian to present new documents that for 500 years had been overlooked by historians all over the world! 
Born in 1961 Manuel Rosa is an American historian who emigrated from the Azores, Portugal, to the Boston area in 1973 with his parents. For many years he has investigated the contradicting facts pertaining to the man credited with the discovery of America. 
The results of his research are flabbergasting! The turning point for publicizing his findings was an article published on November 28, 2010 in the British "Daily Telegraph" (the same which reported the discovery of Troy by Heinrich Schliemann!) where its correspondent Fiona Govan reported from Madrid about Manuel Rosa's book Colon: La Historia Nunca Contada - (Columbus: The Untold Story), published in Spain.
The news quickly spread all over the globe. "Mamma Mia!" exclaimed New York Daily News Staff Writers Corky Siemaszko and Christine Boyle, "New research suggests the man credited with discovering America was actually the son of exiled Polish King (from the Lithuanian Jagiellonian dynasty) Vladislau III - and not the son of a humble craftsman from Genoa... the Genoese wool-weaver is a fable".
Soon after that information was repeated by Moscow TV and many other media. Manuel Rosa claims to have proved that a last will dated 1498 in which Columbus wrote "being I born in Genoa" (quoted by many authors as a proof of Columbus origin) was forged 80 years after his death by Italians with the name Columbo who wanted to lay claim to his inheritance. 
Mr. Rosa participated in the DNA studies of Columbus's bones at the University of Granada and has presented the findings of his investigations at numerous Portuguese, US and Spanish universities, at the Portuguese Air Force Academy and at the prestigious Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa.

The author's of these sensational findings lecture at the Portuguese Academy of History, on May 16, 2012, was full to capacity of the scientific community who described Mr. Rosa's history--changing research as "a serious look at the truth, well-substantiated and worthy of praise".

"A completely new face of Christopher Columbus is emerging from a book published in Polish by Portuguese historian Manuel Rosa, who believes that the discoverer of America was the son of the Polish king for the Jagiellonian dynasty, Vladislau III of Varna," - the Polish Newspaper Gazeta Prawna.

Christopher Columbus 'was son of Polish king' The explorer, Christopher Columbus, was the son of a Polish king living in exile in Madeira and hid his royal roots to protect his father, a new book claims.
shows that Christopher Columbus was a "Portuguese-Born" Royal Prince.

When: September 7, 2012, 7 pm
Location: Balzekas Museum of Lithuanian Culture 6500 S. Pulaski Rd., Chicago IL 60629 
Admission: $10 Light refreshments will be served.
Please call for reservations 773-582-6500
or register and pay online www.balzekasmuseum.org

Balzekas Museum of Lithuanian Culture | Official Website
The Balzekas Museum of Lithuanian Culture in Chicago, Illinois, is the largest repository of Lithuanian artifacts outside of Lithuania. The Museum offers exhibitions and programs on a wide range of subjects, including Lithuanian history, music, folk art, rare books, maps and numismatics. The Museum'...

Wednesday, July 25, 2012

"COLUMBUS. Unknown History" Gets Rave Reviews From Polish Readers

Kolumb. Historia Nieznana has gotten great reviews in Poland. Readers are loving the book.

This is a Google Translation of the Book Review found here:

Kolumb. Historia Nieznana also hit the Number 1 Bestseller spot here: http://www.dobreksiazki.pl/
Beating out a book on the great iCon Steve Jobs. 
This groundbreaking book still needs an English Language publisher.